Photography for Beginners

Everybody is a photographer these days.  The digital age has made capturing images incredibly easy, and sharing them even easier.  More and more people are now becoming interested in capturing higher quality pictures, so I've put together a little guide to the basics of photography.

Depending on your camera you may not have the option to control all of these settings, but even most of the cheap point and shoot cameras I've come across have had at least some of these controls.

This is going to be very basic.  I'm not going to explain why this works, I'm just going to give a simple cause and effect for each setting.  Click on any of the images to expand them so you can see what I'm talking about better.

Shutter Speed - Measured in Seconds, ie. 1/25

Bigger Number - More light, More blur

Small Number - Darker, Less blur

On a tripod, a long shutter speed can allow much more
light than even the naked eye can detect.

If your shooting handheld or a scene with a lot of movement, you will probably want shutter speed to be set to a lower number (remember this is a fraction, so the denominator is actually higher).  If you have a tripod you can get away with a longer shutter speed to capture more light.

Apature - Measured in F-Stops, ie. f3.5

Bigger Number - Less light, Bigger Depth of Field (More is in focus)

Smaller Number - More light, Shallower Depth of Field (Less is in focus)

Notice the thin line of carpet that is in focus.
This is the result of a very narrow depth of field.

The Apature is one of those things you probably don't have a lot of control of if you have a cheap point and shoot, but there are still many consumer cameras that have a least some control over Apature.  

If you can set your Apature to something like f2.8 or below, you can usually get a really shallow depth of field.  This means that only a very narrow area of your image is actually in focus, which gives you those nice really blurred out backgrounds.  The obvious disadvantage is that it's harder to get your image in focus.

ISO - Measure in hundreds, ie. 200

There is a lot of noise visible in the dark blue sky in
the upper left hand corner

Bigger Number - Brighter, Noisier image

Smaller Number - Darker, Less noisy image

ISO is simply the sensitivity of the sensor.  The higher the ISO, the more sensitive to light the sensor is, but also the more junk you will see in your image.  Some cameras can handle higher ISO values than others, so this one requires a little experimenting to figure out.

So there you have it.  Hopefully this makes sense to everybody.  If something I said doesn't make since,  or is glaringly incorrect leave a comment and I'll fix it before the lies spread.

Mac OS X Tips and Tricks (Getting Started with OS X)

Alright, so one of my good friends from college recently switched from his old Windows XP laptop to a new Macbook.  I told him I'd make a little list of helpful apps and tricks I've found in my couple years of OS X experience, and I figured I might as well post that here.

Because my list got kinda long for one post, I'm going to split it up into two.  The first will go over getting started with the switch to OS X.  This will cover things that are already built into the Mac operating system out of the box.  The second will go through a list of applications I've found to be extremely helpful over the years.

Now keep in mind, I haven't switched over to the newest release of the OS called Lion, so some of these tricks may not work exactly the same way.  Alright, lets get on with it.

What's different


One of the first things people notice when using a Mac for the first time is that the "X" button is on the top left corner instead of the top right corner.

While this difference is only cosmetic, the functionality of the 3 buttons are different than their windows counterparts.  For starters the red "X" button does not close your program.  This is one of those things that really throws people off.  The red "X" button only closes your window, not the application itself.  To close the application you can click the application name in your toolbar and then click "Quit" or use the shortcut command Q.

The green maximize button is also confusing to people.  Instead of going full screen like Windows, OS X maximizes to the applications highest usable resolution.  Sometimes that is the entire screen, and other times, such as web browsers, it's not.

There are applications that can convert these buttons to behave similar to the Windows counterpart, but honestly I don't even use them very often.  I almost always use the command Q shortcut to close programs, and I use an awesome application for my window management that I'll explain in more detail in my next post.

Dock

Another big difference between OS X and Windows is the dock vs the start bar.  The dock doesn't really show you a list of programs that are open, as much as it shows you a list of commonly used programs.  I won't really go into detail because most of it's pretty obvious, but I will show you what settings I use, and you can decide for yourself.

You can get to these settings by clicking the apple logo in the top left of your screen and highlighting Dock and then clicking Dock Preferences

Personally, I can't stand having the dock not automatically hide.  The dock in OS X takes up to much screen real estate for me to not have it on my screen all of the time.

Active Screen Corners

One of my personal favorite features of OS X is called Active Screen Corners.  This allows you to assign commands to each of the corners of your monitor that are activated whenever you put your mouse in that corner.  You can set a corner to make all of your open windows visible at once in smaller form, and you can click on the one you want.

All of these settings are available by going to your System Preferences and clicking Expose & Spaces.

Spaces

Spaces is an awesome feature that I used to use all of the time, but have kind of fallen out of practice with.  It essentially allows you to have multiple "desktops" that you can quickly switch between.  Personally expose eliminated the need for spaces for me, but I encourage you to try it out for yourself and see what you think.

Trackpad

Let me just start by saying I believe that the multitouch trackpad on my macbook pro (which is admittedly a little old) is the absolute best feature that I can't get on a Windows machine (that I know of).    I'll go into this a little deeper in my next post whenever I talk about BetterTouchTool, but the things you can do with the trackpad are amazing.  

For this post I'll just say that I would enable the three finger swipe to navigate.  This allows you to swipe instead of hitting the back button in your browser, and it's absolutely amazing.

Leftovers

I guess I'll end this post with a few little extra tips that I've found to be pretty helpful.

• Hold option + shift for more incremental controls on volume and brightness. (I've heard this doesn't work right now in Lion.  Hopefully they'll fix that soon.)

• Hold command and hit shift.  This brings up spotlight, which essentially lets you search the entire computer for anything.  This is great for opening up applications quickly, or finding and opening a file that you can't remember where you put.

• One thing I missed about windows is the programs list in the start bar.  Sure you could open up finder and click applications on the left, but I wanted something on my dock that let me look at all of my applications.  So I utilized a feature in OS X called stacks.  Just drag your applications folder into your dock.  Now when you click on it is should pop up with a list of all of your applications.  If you right click on the stack you can set a couple of options that give you different layouts.

This is a stack with the grid view.

So this is just scratching the surface of what OS X has to offer, but it pretty much sums up what features I regularly use that have really helped me be more productive.  My next post will go into a couple of the applications I've downloaded that make the Mac experience even better.  Hopefully I'll get that post up sometime in the next couple of days.